Özet

Bu çalýþma VI/XII. yüzyýlda yaþamýþ olan Ahmed er-Rifâî'nin hayatý, eserleri, tasavvufî görüþleri ve ona nisbet edilen Rifâiyye Tarikatý konularýnýn incelenmesi ve bölümlerinin hazýrlanmasýndan oluþmaktadýr. Ahmed er-Rifâî ahvâl, makamlar, kerâmetler ve irfan sahibi; düzgün itikadý olan âlim, fakih, zâhid, sâlih, ayný zamanda þair ve edip biri idi. Onun çok büyük maddî imkânlara sahip olmasýna raðmen sade ve fakir olarak yaþamasý, mal biriktirmemesi, rivâkýn gelirlerinin tamamýný yoksullara harcamasý, fakir olarak ölmesi, çocuklarýna maddî zenginlik býrakmamasý ve çocuklarýnýn da fakir olmasý; tüm bunlar onun dünyaya deðer vermeyen ihlâslý bir sûfî oluþunun kanýtlarýndandýr. Ahmed er-Rifâî'ye nisbet edilen Rifâiyye, �slâm dünyasýnda VI/XII. yüzyýlda teþekkül eden tarikatlar arasýnda kuruluþunu tamamlayýp teþkilâtlanan ilk tarikatlardan biridir. Günümüzde Rufâiyye ismi ile de bilinmektedir. Eserlerindeki sözlerinden, öðretilerinden ve hayatýnda göstermiþ olduðu tavýrlarýndan dolayý onun tarikatýnýn Kitap ve Sünnet kaynaklý olduðu ayrýca tevâzuu esas aldýðý anlaþýlmaktadýr. Ahmed er-Rifâî'nin fikirleri, þahsiyeti, gerçekleþtirdiði sohbetlerinin tesiri ve halîfelerinin/mürîdlerinin yoðun gayretleri sayesinde Rifâiyye, önceleri Irak'ýn güneyindeki Batâih bölgesi baþta olmak üzere zaman içinde neredeyse dünyanýn büyük bir bölümüne yayýlmýþtýr. Osmanlý zamanýnda da varlýðýný hissettirmiþ olan Tarikat günümüzde ise Mýsýr, Suriye, Yemen, Irak, Türkiye ve Balkan ülkelerinde varlýðýný sürdürmektedir. Ortaya çýktýðý günden itibaren gerek ilmiye sýnýfýnýn gerekse Müslüman coðrafyanýn hüsnükabulüne mazhar olan Rifâiyye Tarikatý, yetiþtirdiði sûfîler ile kurduðu âsitâne ve tekkeleri sayesinde Anadolu'da canlý kalmayý baþarmýþtýr. Anahtar kelimeler: Ahmed er-Rifâî, Rifâiyye, Sûfî, Tasavvuf, Tarikat
 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abstract

This study consists of reviewing Ahmad al-Rifai who lived in the VI/XII. century; the subjects of his life, works, sufistic views and Rifaiyya Order attributed to him, and the preparation of the chapters. Ahmad al-Rifai was a scholar, canonist, prayerful, fit, also a poet and literate who had spiritual affairs, ranks, thaumaturgus, wisdom and proper belief. Although he had great financial opportunity, he lived simply and poorly; did not accumulate goods; spent all of the lodge's income on the poor; died as a poor; did not leave any inheritance of material wealth to his children, and his children were also poor; all those are proof that he was a sincere Sufi who didn't value the world. Rifaiyya, attributed to Ahmad al-Rifai, was one of the first orders in the Islamic world that was established and completed among the orders formed in the VI/XII. century. Today it is also known by the name Rufaiyya. Because of his words in his works, his teachings, and his attitudes in his life, it is understood that his order has been based on the Book and the Sunnah, and that it was based on humility. Thanks to Ahmad al-Rifai's ideas, personality, influence of his talks and the intense efforts of his caliphs/disciples, Rifaiyya has spread at first in the Bataih region in the south of Iraq, then to almost a large part of the world in due time. The Order, which has made its presence felt in Ottoman times, continues its presence in Egypt, Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Turkey, and the Balkan countries at the present time. The Rifaiyya Order, which has been indispensable to both the scholar class and the Muslim geography since its inception, has managed to stay alive in Anatolia thanks to the Sufis that it has cultivated and its faculties and dervish lodges that it has established. Keywords: Ahmad al-Rifai, Rifaiyya, Sufi, Sufism, Order
 

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